如何在生產(chǎn)上部署Django?

Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見的一種方式。

uwsgi介紹

uWSGI是一個Web服務(wù)器，它實現(xiàn)了WSGI協(xié)議、uwsgi、http等協(xié)議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是與uWSGI服務(wù)器進(jìn)行交換。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個概念的區(qū)分。

WSGI是一種Web服務(wù)器網(wǎng)關(guān)接口。它是一個Web服務(wù)器（如nginx，uWSGI等服務(wù)器）與web應(yīng)用（如用Flask框架寫的程序）通信的一種規(guī)范。 uwsgi是一種線路協(xié)議而不是通信協(xié)議，在此常用于在uWSGI服務(wù)器與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)通信。 而uWSGI是實現(xiàn)了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協(xié)議的Web服務(wù)器。 uwsgi協(xié)議是一個uWSGI服務(wù)器自有的協(xié)議，它用于定義傳輸信息的類型（type of information），每一個uwsgi packet前4byte為傳輸信息類型描述，它與WSGI相比是兩樣?xùn)|西。

uwsgi性能非常高

uWSGI的主要特點如下

超快的性能 低內(nèi)存占用（實測為apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右） 多app管理（終于不用冥思苦想下個app用哪個端口比較好了-.-） 詳盡的日志功能（可以用來分析app性能和瓶頸） 高度可定制（內(nèi)存大小限制，服務(wù)一定次數(shù)后重啟等）

總而言之uwgi是個部署用的好東東，正如uWSGI作者所吹噓的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

Uwsgi 安裝使用

# Install the latest stable release:pip install uwsgi# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

基本測試

Create a file called test.py:

# test.pydef application(env, start_response): start_response(’200 OK’, [(’Content-Type’,’text/html’)]) return [b'Hello World'] # python3 #return ['Hello World'] # python2

運行

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

用uwsgi 啟動django

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

可以把參數(shù)寫到配置文件里

alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini [uwsgi]http = :9000#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginxsocket = 127.0.0.1:8001# the base directory (full path)chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye# Django’s wsgi filewsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py# maximum number of worker processesprocesses = 4#thread numbers startched in each worker processthreads = 2 #monitor uwsgi statusstats = 127.0.0.1:9191# clear environment on exitvacuum = true

啟動

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini

Nginx安裝使用

sudo apt-get install nginxsudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx

為你的項目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

# mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect toupstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we’ll use this first)} # configuration of the serverserver { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine’s IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project’s media files - amend as required } location /static { alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project’s static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed }}

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/')

and then run

python manage.py collectstatic

此時啟動Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django項目就可以實現(xiàn)高并發(fā)啦！

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦網(wǎng)。