項目簡介

本項目報名參加了“兗州中材杯”武漢理工大學第十一屆環(huán)保創(chuàng)意作品大賽藝術理念組比賽。組員共三名，本人負責代碼實現部分，其余兩人分別負責項目策劃與場景人物繪制。

項目背景

小組中負責策劃的同學經過一定的調研之后發(fā)現，我校在校學生普遍缺乏垃圾分類方面的知識。經過討論后，我們把游戲方向定位于“垃圾分類”，游戲類型定位于像素風游戲，由于本人水平和時間有限，只能將玩法設計得盡量簡單。感謝另外兩位組員，他們的努力掩蓋了我水平上的不足。

玩法介紹

家控制一名角色在操場背景上移動，垃圾桶在操場邊上。撿起垃圾丟進相應的垃圾桶內，若全部正確投放則游戲成功，否則游戲失敗。游戲期間，若有不清楚該作何分類的垃圾，則可以點擊圖書館的按鈕，進入圖書館查詢。圖書館提供垃圾圖鑒和分類標準兩種信息。垃圾圖鑒幫助玩家分辨自己撿到的垃圾，而分類標準指每種垃圾的定義及舉例。

項目成果

本項目在“兗州中材杯”武漢理工大學第十一屆環(huán)保創(chuàng)意作品大賽藝術理念組比賽中最終獲得了第五名、二等獎的成績，距第四名僅差0.5分。

項目實現

寫項目時本人僅自學了一個月的Python，且本人是大一新生，對計算機科學的基礎知識了解甚少，若代碼風格幼稚、愚蠢，還望讀者見諒。

模塊劃分

游戲按場景分為以下幾個模塊：開始游戲界面、游戲說明界面、人物選擇界面、操場界面（主要游戲場地）、圖書館外界面、圖書館內界面、游戲結束界面。

開始游戲界面：背景（像素化的學校建筑），游戲標題，三個按鈕（開始、游戲說明、退出）。

游戲說明界面：背景（與開始界面相同），游戲說明文字，返回按鈕。

人物選擇界面：背景，提示（選擇人物），兩個可選人物。

操場界面：背景，人物，垃圾桶，隨機產生的垃圾，圖書館按鈕。

圖書館外界面：背景（我校圖書館的像素風繪制）、操場按鈕（會到操場）、進入按鈕（進入圖書館內部）。

圖書館內界面：背景（我校圖書館內部），各類垃圾圖標按鈕（廚余垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾），垃圾圖鑒按鈕，返回按鈕。子界面：各類垃圾信息界面，垃圾圖鑒界面，返回按鈕。

游戲結束界面：勝利界面，失敗界面。

代碼實現

直接上代碼：

import pygame as pyimport sysimport randomfrom pygame.locals import *#===========================================================#========================前期準備===========================py.init()#注：游戲需要的所有文件（圖片等）都放在同游戲目錄的'Files'目錄下。#定義一個按鈕類class Button(py.rect.Rect): def __init__(self, obj): super().__init__(obj) def has(self, pos): if self.right >= pos[0] >= self.left and self.bottom >= pos[1] >= self.top: return True else: return Falsescreen = py.display.set_mode((1000, 650))#===========================================================#=========================圖書館內==========================def knowledge(selection): path = ’Filesinside_liberaryknowledge’ + str(selection) + ’.jpg’ know = py.image.load(path) know = py.transform.smoothscale(know,(1000,650)) screen.blit(know,(0,0)) exits = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryback.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72,72)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(918, 570)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) py.display.flip() #進入事件循環(huán) while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() #點擊離開該頁面 if exit_button.has(pos): selection = 0 break if not selection: breakdef inside_Liberary(): ilib = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryInside.jpg’) ilib = py.transform.smoothscale(ilib,(1000,650)) screen.blit(ilib,(0,0)) #退出圖書館的按鈕 exits = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryexit.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72,81)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(5, 560)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) #廚余垃圾按鈕 rubbish1 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish1.jpg’) rubbish1 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish1,(150,298)) rubbish1_button = screen.blit(rubbish1, (80,150)) rubbish1_button = Button(rubbish1_button) #可回收垃圾按鈕 rubbish2 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish2.jpg’) rubbish2 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish2,(150,298)) rubbish2_button = screen.blit(rubbish2, (310,150)) rubbish2_button = Button(rubbish2_button) #有害垃圾按鈕 rubbish3 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish3.jpg’) rubbish3 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish3,(150,298)) rubbish3_button = screen.blit(rubbish3, (540,150)) rubbish3_button = Button(rubbish3_button) #不可回收垃圾按鈕 rubbish4 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish4.jpg’) rubbish4 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish4,(150,298)) rubbish4_button = screen.blit(rubbish4, (770,150)) rubbish4_button = Button(rubbish4_button) #圖鑒按鈕 rubbish5 = py.image.load(’Filesinside_liberaryrubbish5.jpg’) rubbish5 = py.transform.smoothscale(rubbish5,(82, 72)) rubbish5_button = screen.blit(rubbish5, (903,560)) rubbish5_button = Button(rubbish5_button) py.display.flip() selection = -1 #進入事件循環(huán) while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() #點擊離開圖書館 if exit_button.has(pos): selection = 0 break #點擊廚余垃圾 if rubbish1_button.has(pos): selection = 1 break #點擊可回收垃圾 if rubbish2_button.has(pos): selection = 2 break #點擊有害垃圾 if rubbish3_button.has(pos): selection = 3 break #點擊不可回收垃圾 if rubbish4_button.has(pos): selection = 4 break #點擊圖鑒 if rubbish5_button.has(pos): selection = 5 break if selection != -1: break if selection: knowledge(selection) inside_Liberary()#===========================================================#=========================圖書館外==========================def outside_Liberary(): olib = py.image.load(’Filesoutside_liberaryOutside.jpg’) olib = py.transform.smoothscale(olib,(1000,650)) screen.blit(olib,(0,0)) #進入圖書館的按鈕 enter = py.image.load(’Filesoutside_liberaryenter_lib.jpg’) enter = py.transform.smoothscale(enter,(72, 72)) enter_button = screen.blit(enter,(470,550)) enter_button = Button(enter_button) #退出圖書館的按鈕 exits = py.image.load(’Filesoutside_liberaryplayground.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72, 51)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(5, 590)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) py.display.flip() selection = -1 #進入事件循環(huán) while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() #點擊返回操場 if exit_button.has(pos): selection = 0 break #點擊進入圖書館 if enter_button.has(pos): selection = 1 break if selection != -1: break if selection: inside_Liberary() outside_Liberary()#===========================================================#==========================游戲幫助=========================def help_page(): background = py.image.load(’Fileshelpbackground.jpg’) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background,(0,0)) #返回按鈕 exits = py.image.load(’Fileshelpback.jpg’) exits = py.transform.smoothscale(exits,(72,57)) exit_button = screen.blit(exits,(5, 585)) exit_button = Button(exit_button) py.display.flip() back = 0 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if exit_button.has(pos): back = 1 break if back: break #===========================================================#==========================游戲結束=========================def game_over(result): path = ’Filesgame_overresult’ + str(result) + ’.jpg’ background = py.image.load(path) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background,(0,0)) py.display.flip() temp = 0 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: temp = 1 break if temp: break#===========================================================#==========================操場環(huán)節(jié)=========================choices = [’01’, ’02’, ’11’, ’12’, ’21’, ’22’, ’31’]class Rubbish(): def __init__(self, sort): self.sort = sort self.img = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + sort + ’.jpg’) x = random.randint(100, 1400) y = random.randint(110, 900) self.position = self.img.get_rect() self.position = self.position.move((x, y)) screen.blit(self.img, self.position)class Role(): def __init__(self, role): self.r_side = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + role + ’1.jpg’) self.r_walk = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + role + ’2.jpg’) self.l_side = py.transform.flip(self.r_side, True, False) self.l_walk = py.transform.flip(self.r_walk, True, False) self.img = self. r_side self.position = self.img.get_rect() screen.blit(self.img, self.position) self.rubbish = None def move(self, key): if key == K_UP: if self.position.top <= 200: return (0, 2) else: self.position = self.position.move(0, -2) return 0 if key == K_DOWN: if self.position.bottom >= 450: return (0, -2) else: self.position = self.position.move(0, 2) return 0 if key == K_RIGHT: if self.position.right >= 800: return (-2, 0) else: self.position = self.position.move(2, 0) return 0 if key == K_LEFT: if self.position.left <= 200: return (2, 0) else: self.position = self.position.move(-2, 0) return 0 class Trash_can(): def __init__(self, num): self. num = num self.img = py.image.load(’Filesplayground’ + str(num) + ’.jpg’) self.img = py.transform.smoothscale(self.img,(100, 92)) self.position = self.img.get_rect() self.position = self.position.move((100 + num*200, 0)) screen.blit(self.img, self.position)def playground(selection): background = py.image.load(’FilesplaygroundPlayground.jpg’) screen.blit(background, [0, 0]) lib = py.image.load(’Filesplaygroundliberary.jpg’) lib = py.transform.smoothscale(lib, (78, 72)) lib_button = screen.blit(lib, (900, 10)) lib_button = Button(lib_button) trash_can = [] for num in range(0, 4): trash_can.append(Trash_can(num)) role = Role(selection) rubbish = [] for sort in choices: rubbish.append(Rubbish(sort)) py.display.flip() down = 0 go = None move_bg = [0, 0] temp = 0 while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if lib_button.has(pos): outside_Liberary() if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key in (K_UP, K_DOWN, K_RIGHT, K_LEFT): if event.key == K_RIGHT: role.img = role.r_side elif event.key == K_LEFT: role.img = role.l_side down = 1 go = event.key if event.type == KEYUP and event.key == go: if event.key == K_RIGHT: role.img = role.r_side elif event.key == K_LEFT: role.img = role.l_side down = 0 take = role.position.collidelist([each.position for each in rubbish]) if take >= 0 and not role.rubbish: role.rubbish = rubbish[take].sort[0] del rubbish[take] put = role.position.collidelist([each.position for each in trash_can]) if put >= 0 and role.rubbish: if role.rubbish == str(trash_can[put].num): role.rubbish = None if not len(rubbish): game_over(1) break else: game_over(2) break if down: moved = role.move(go) temp += 1 if not temp % 20: if role.img == role.r_side: role.img = role.r_walk elif role.img == role.r_walk: role.img = role.r_side elif role.img == role.l_side: role.img = role.l_walk else: role.img = role.l_side if moved: if 0 >= moved[0] + move_bg[0] >= -497 and 0 >= moved[1] + move_bg[1] >= -326: for i in range(2): move_bg[i] += moved[i] for each in rubbish: each.position = each.position.move(moved) for each in trash_can: each.position = each.position.move(moved) elif role.position.left - moved[0] >= 0 and role.position.right - moved[0] <= 1000 and role.position.top - moved[1] >= 0 and role.position.bottom - moved[1] <= 650: role. position = role.position.move([-i for i in moved]) screen.blit(background, move_bg) lib = py.image.load(’Filesplaygroundliberary.jpg’) lib = py.transform.smoothscale(lib, (78, 72)) lib_button = screen.blit(lib, (900, 10)) lib_button = Button(lib_button) for each in trash_can: screen.blit(each.img, each.position) for each in rubbish: screen.blit(each.img, each.position) screen.blit(role.img, role.position) py.display.flip()#===========================================================#==========================選擇人物=========================def choose_role(): background = py.image.load(’Fileschoose_playerbackground.jpg’) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background, (0, 0)) man = py.image.load(’Fileschoose_playerman.jpg’) man = py.transform.smoothscale(man,(123, 325)) man_button = screen.blit(man,(200, 200)) man_button = Button(man_button) woman = py.image.load(’Fileschoose_playerwoman.jpg’) woman = py.transform.smoothscale(woman,(113, 325)) woman_button = screen.blit(woman,(687, 200)) woman_button = Button(woman_button) py.display.flip() while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if man_button.has(pos): return ’man’ if woman_button.has(pos): return ’woman’ #===========================================================#========================開始游戲界面========================def start(): background = py.image.load(’Filesstartbackground.jpg’) background = py.transform.smoothscale(background,(1000,650)) screen.blit(background, (0, 0)) start_game = py.image.load(’Filesstartstart_game.jpg’) start_game = py.transform.smoothscale(start_game,(140, 149)) start_button = screen.blit(start_game,(150, 330)) start_button = Button(start_button) game_help = py.image.load(’Filesstartgame_help.jpg’) game_help = py.transform.smoothscale(game_help,(280, 182)) help_button = screen.blit(game_help,(380, 320)) help_button = Button(help_button) quit_game = py.image.load(’Filesstartquit_game.jpg’) quit_game = py.transform.smoothscale(quit_game,(200,160)) quit_button = screen.blit(quit_game,(680, 330)) quit_button = Button(quit_button) py.display.flip() while True: for event in py.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: pos = py.mouse.get_pos() if start_button.has(pos): role = choose_role() playground(role) break elif help_button.has(pos): help_page() break elif quit_button.has(pos): sys.exit() break start()start()

游戲效果

游戲演示如下：

點此觀看視頻：垃圾分類小游戲

總結

這個游戲是本人第一次寫出一百行以上的代碼，寫完后沒來得及進行進一步的優(yōu)化就提交了項目。

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