Python Flask基礎到登錄功能的實現代碼
視頻教程教學地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV18441117Hd?p=1
0x01路由from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__) # flask對象實例化 @app.route(’/index’) #定義首頁@app.route(’/’) #設置默認indexdef index(): return ’hello world!’@app.route(’/home/<string:username>’) # 生成home路由,單一傳參def home(username): print(username) return ’<h1>歡迎回家</h1>’@app.route(’/main/<string:username>/<string:password>’) #多個參數傳遞def main(username,password): print(username) print(password) return ’<h1>welcome</h1>’def about(): return ’about page’app.add_url_rule(rule=’/about’,view_func=about) #另一種添加路由的方式if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.debug = True #開啟debug模式 app.run()0x02 模版和靜態文件2.1 文件結構
#app.py#app.pyfrom flask import Flask,render_template #倒入模版app = Flask(__name__) #聲明模版文件夾@app.route((’/index’))def index(): return render_template(’index.html’) #返回模版if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title></head><body> <h1>hello hello</h1> <img src='http://www.gepszalag.com/static/imgs/1.png'></body></html>2.3 運行效果
from flask import Flask,jsonifyapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route(’/’)def index(): user = {’name’:’李三’,’password’:’123’} return jsonify(user)if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)3.1運行效果
from flask import Flask, redirect #導入跳轉模塊app = Flask(__name__)@app.route(’/index’)def index(): return redirect(’https://www.baidu.com’) #指定跳轉路徑，訪問/index目錄即跳到百度首頁@app.route(’/home’)def home(): return ’home page’if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)4.2 打印路由
from flask import Flask,url_for #導入模塊app = Flask(__name__)@app.route(’/index’)def index(): return ’test’@app.route(’/home’)def home(): print(url_for(’index’)) 打印 index路由 return ’home page’if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)4.3 跳轉傳參
# 訪問home，將name帶入index并顯示在頁面from flask import Flask,url_for,redirect #導入模塊app = Flask(__name__)@app.route(’/index<string:name>’)def index(name): return ’test %s’ % name@app.route(’/home’)def home(): return redirect(url_for(’index’,name=’admin’))if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)0x05 jinjia2模版 5.1代碼
from flask import Flask,render_template #倒入模版app = Flask(__name__) #聲明模版文件夾@app.route((’/index’))def index(): user = ’admin’ data = [’111’,2,’李三’] userinfo = {’username’:’lisan’,’password’:’12333’} return render_template(’index.html’,user=user,data=data,userinfo=userinfo) #返回模版,傳入數據if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title></head><body> <h1>11111</h1> {{user}} {{data}} #直接傳入 {% if user == ’admin’%} #簡單邏輯判斷 <h1 style='color:red'>管理員</h1> {% else %} <h1 style='color:green'>普通用戶</h1> {% endif %} <hr> {% for item in data %} # for循環 <li>{{item}}</li> {% endfor %} <hr> {{ userinfo[’username’] }} {{ userinfo[’password’] }} <hr> {{ user | upper }} #字母大寫（更多可查閱jinjia2過濾器）</body></html>5.2 運行效果
目的是為了更好的細分功能模塊
6.1代碼結構├── admin│ └── admin.py└── app.py6.2 代碼
#admin.pyfrom flask import Blueprint 導入藍圖模塊admin = Blueprint(’admin’,__name__,url_prefix=’/admin’) #對象實例化，url_prefix添加路由前綴，表示若想訪問本頁相關路由，只能通過形如 xxx/admin/login 訪問，不能 xxx/login訪問@admin.route(’/register’)def register(): return ’歡迎注冊’@admin.route(’/login’)def login(): return ’歡迎登錄’
#app.pyfrom flask import Flaskfrom admin.admin import admin as admin_blueprint # 導入藍圖app = Flask(__name__) #聲明模版文件夾app.register_blueprint(admin_blueprint) #注冊藍圖@app.route((’/index’))def index(): return ’index page’if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)0x07 登錄 7.1結構
#web.pyfrom flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,flash,url_for,sessionfrom os import urandomapp = Flask(__name__)app.config[’SECRET_KEY’] = urandom(50)@app.route(’/index’)def index(): if not session.get(’user’): flash(’請登錄后操作’,’warning’) return redirect(url_for(’login’)) return render_template(’index.html’)@app.route(’/login’,methods=[’GET’,’POST’])def login(): if request.method == ’GET’:return render_template(’login.html’) elif request.method == ’POST’:username = request.form.get(’username’)password = request.form.get(’password’)if username == ’admin’ and password == ’888888’: flash(’登錄成功’,’success’) session[’user’] = ’admin’ return redirect(url_for(’index’))else: flash(’登錄失敗’,’danger’) return redirect(url_for(’login’))if __name__ == ’__main__’: app.run(debug=True)
# index.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title> <link rel='stylesheet' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' integrity='sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu' crossorigin='anonymous'><!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --><script src='https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' integrity='sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd' crossorigin='anonymous'></script></head><body> <h1>歡迎你，管理員</h1> {% for color, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True) %} <div role='alert'> <button type='button' data-dismiss='alert' aria-label='Close'><span aria-hidden='true'>×</span></button> <p>{{message}}</p></div> {% endfor %}</body></html>
#login.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>login</title> <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel='stylesheet' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' integrity='sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu' crossorigin='anonymous'><!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --><script src='https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' integrity='sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd' crossorigin='anonymous'></script></head><body> <form action='/login' method='post'> <div class=’form-group’> <input type='text' name='username' placeholder='請輸入用戶名' class='form-control'> </div> <div class=’form-group’> <input type='password' name='password' placeholder='請輸入密碼' class='form-control'> </div> <div class='form-group'> <input type='submit' value= 'submit' class='btn btn-primary'> </div> </form> {% for color, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True) %} <div role='alert'> <button type='button' data-dismiss='alert' aria-label='Close'><span aria-hidden='true'>×</span></button> <p>{{message}}</p></div> {% endfor %}</body></html>7.3實現效果
7.3.1未登錄默認跳轉到登錄頁面
7.3.2登錄成功跳轉到index頁面
賬戶密碼：admin/888888
7.3.2登錄失敗效果
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