Spring Native項目實戰(體驗79毫秒啟動springboot應用)
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這里分類和匯總了欣宸的全部原創(含配套源碼)：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos
關于Spring Native Spring官方博客于2021年03月11日宣布Spring Native的beta版本發布，借助Spring Native可以將spring應用與GraalVM集成到native image中； native image是GraalVM的一項技術，會將java應用的字節碼編譯成可執行文件，還會與JDK的本地庫做靜態鏈接，運行應用時無需Java虛擬機，自身已集成了內存管理，線程調度等能力，更多信息請參考：https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/ 本文以實戰為主，因此不會用太多篇幅介紹Spring Native的理論和優勢，這里簡單小結幾個重要特性： 應用啟動速度不超過100毫秒； 啟動即達到性能峰值（C1、C2等手段已經用不上了） 運行時更低的內存消耗； docker鏡像不含JDK（所需文件已經抽取出來放入鏡像），官方展示的含有Spring Boot, Spring MVC, Jackson, Tomcat的鏡像大小是50M； 為了達到前面的效果，代價是構建時間更長； Spring Native到底是什么個人的理解：Spring Native是Spring提供的、制作native image的技術方案，涉及到以下關鍵技術：
Spring ahead-of-time (AOT) 插件，對spring應用做AOT處理，使得傳統虛擬機的class lazy loading在不復存在； spring-boot-maven-plugin插件在構建docker鏡像的時候，使用了名為dmikusa/graalvm-tiny的鏡像作為構建工具，這個工具負責將當前工程的構建結果和GraalVM集成在一起，最終制作成native image； 本篇概覽作為實戰風格的文章，本篇主要內容是開發springboot應用再構建為native image，然后驗證其功能和效果，本文由以下內容構成：
環境信息 新建名為spring-native-tutorials的maven父工程，對實戰用到的依賴庫、插件等做統一配置； 新建名為webmvc的maven子工程，這是個springboot應用； 將webmvc構建為native image，這是個docker鏡像； 在docker中啟動鏡像，驗證是否可用，并檢查相關相關指標；環境信息本次實戰相關的環境信息如下：
電腦：MacBook pro 13寸 2018 操作系統：macOS Big Sur 11.2.3 IDE：IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.5 (Ultimate Edition) docker：20.10.5 JDK：1.8.0_211 maven：3.6.0 springboot：2.5.0-SNAPSHOT spring-aot-maven-plugin：0.10.0-SNAPSHOT源碼下載 本篇實戰中的完整源碼可在GitHub下載到，地址和鏈接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos)：
名稱 鏈接 備注 項目主頁 https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos 該項目在GitHub上的主頁 git倉庫地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git 該項目源碼的倉庫地址，https協議 git倉庫地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 該項目源碼的倉庫地址，ssh協議這個git項目中有多個文件夾，本次實戰的源碼在spring-native-tutorials文件夾下，如下圖紅框所示：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <modules><module>webmvc</module> </modules> <parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.5.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath/> </parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native-tutorials</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><!-- springboot生成jar文件的文件名后綴，用來避免Spring Boot repackaging和native-image-maven-plugin插件之間可能存在的沖突 --><classifier/><!-- 構建鏡像時的定制參數 --><native.build.args/><!-- 指定使用dmikusa/graalvm-tiny這個鏡像作為構建工具，來構建鏡像 --><builder>dmikusa/graalvm-tiny</builder><!-- spring cloud版本 --><spring-cloud.version>2020.0.2</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <!-- 插件管理 --> <pluginRepositories><pluginRepository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring release</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url> <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots></pluginRepository><pluginRepository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring milestone</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots></pluginRepository><pluginRepository> <id>spring-snapshot</id> <name>Spring Snapshots</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url> <releases><enabled>false</enabled> </releases></pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <!--倉庫管理--> <repositories><repository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring release</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url> <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots></repository><repository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring milestone</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots></repository><repository> <id>spring-snapshot</id> <name>Spring Snapshots</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url> <releases><enabled>false</enabled> </releases></repository> </repositories> <!--依賴包版本管理--> <dependencyManagement><dependencies> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId><artifactId>spring-native</artifactId><version>0.10.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope> </dependency></dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <!--插件配置--> <build><pluginManagement> <plugins><plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration><classifier>${classifier}</classifier><image> <builder>${builder}</builder> <env><BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>true</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE><BP_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS>${native.build.args}</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS> </env> <!--執行構建任務的鏡像，如果在當前環境不存在才會遠程下載--> <pullPolicy>IF_NOT_PRESENT</pullPolicy></image> </configuration></plugin><!-- aot插件，ahead-of-time transformations --><plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>0.10.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <executions><execution> <id>test-generate</id> <goals><goal>test-generate</goal> </goals></execution><execution> <id>generate</id> <goals><goal>generate</goal> </goals></execution> </executions></plugin> </plugins></pluginManagement> </build></project>
上述pom.xml有以下幾處需要注意：
插件倉庫、依賴庫倉庫、依賴庫版本的配置都集中在這里； 配置好spring-aot-maven-plugin和spring-boot-maven-plugin這兩個插件，子工程會用到； spring-boot-maven-plugin插件制作docker鏡像的時候，又會用到dmikusa/graalvm-tiny鏡像，這才是真正構建native image的工具；新建springboot類型的maven子工程新建名為webmvc的子工程，pom.xml內容如下，可見內容很簡單，就是常規依賴庫和父工程配置的兩個插件，一個負責執行AOT，一個負責構建鏡像：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <parent><artifactId>spring-native-tutorials</artifactId><groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>webmvc</artifactId> <dependencies><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions><exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId></exclusion><exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-websocket</artifactId></exclusion> </exclusions></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-programmatic</artifactId> <version>${tomcat.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope></dependency> </dependencies> <build><plugins> <plugin><groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId><artifactId>spring-aot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration> <removeSpelSupport>true</removeSpelSupport></configuration> </plugin> <plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin></plugins> </build></project>
代碼很簡單，一個普通的springboot應用，帶http接口：
package com.bolingcavalry.webmvc;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.time.LocalDateTime;@SpringBootApplication@RestControllerpublic class WebmvcApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(WebmvcApplication.class, args);}@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.ACCEPTED)@GetMapping('/status')public String status() {return 'status';}@GetMapping('/')public String hello() {return '1. Hello from Spring MVC and Tomcat, ' + LocalDateTime.now();}}
現在編碼已完成，來構建docker鏡像吧，進入父工程的pom.xml所在目錄，執行以下命令：
mvn clean -U -DskipTests spring-boot:build-image
構建成功后輸出信息如下（篇幅所限僅截取最后一小段）,耗時4分25秒，期間筆記本風扇狂轉：
..[INFO] Successfully built image ’docker.io/library/webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT’[INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Reactor Summary for spring-native-tutorials 1.0-SNAPSHOT:[INFO] [INFO] spring-native-tutorials ............................ SUCCESS [ 1.786 s][INFO] webmvc ............................................. SUCCESS [04:19 min][INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 04:25 min[INFO] Finished at: 2021-05-22T16:36:44+08:00[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[WARNING] The requested profile 'nexus' could not be activated because it does not exist.
執行docker images命令，如下圖，可見鏡像已經生成：
查看鏡像構成，可見每個layer都不大，共計七十多M：
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ docker history webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOTIMAGE CREATEDCREATED BY SIZE COMMENTb8ff54813ae0 41 years ago69B<missing> 41 years ago452kB<missing> 41 years ago2.51MB<missing> 41 years ago57.2MB<missing> 41 years ago1.4MB<missing> 41 years ago268B<missing> 41 years ago17.3MB
鏡像構建成功，可以驗證基本功能了；
驗證執行以下命令，創建一個臨時容器（控制臺結束后容器會被清理掉）：
docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT
控制臺輸出如下，79毫秒啟動完成，真是一眨間的功夫：
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT2021-05-22 09:34:57.578 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.nativex.NativeListener : This application is bootstrapped with code generated with Spring AOT . ____ _ __ _ _ / / ___’_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ ( ( )___ | ’_ | ’_| | ’_ / _` | / ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ’ |____| .__|_| |_|_| |___, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.0-SNAPSHOT)2021-05-22 09:34:57.586 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : Starting WebmvcApplication using Java 1.8.0_292 on 3529ec458896 with PID 1 (/workspace/com.bolingcavalry.webmvc.WebmvcApplication started by cnb in /workspace)2021-05-22 09:34:57.586 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2021-05-22 09:34:57.661 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol initINFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ['http-nio-8080']May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternalINFO: Starting service [Tomcat]May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternalINFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.46]May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext logINFO: Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2021-05-22 09:34:57.669 INFO 1 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 79 msMay 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol startINFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ['http-nio-8080']2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ’’2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : Started WebmvcApplication in 0.178 seconds (JVM running for 0.19)2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean : Application availability state LivenessState changed to CORRECT2021-05-22 09:34:57.714 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean : Application availability state ReadinessState changed to ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC
瀏覽器訪問本機8080端口，如下圖，應用基本功能正常：
再看看資源使用情況，命令是docker stats，如下可見，內存僅用了30M：
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS6ce6c66fb4de jovial_hertz 0.11% 30.69MiB / 3.844GiB 0.78% 1.49kB / 158B 4.31MB / 0B 18
我曾經在hub.docker.com上放了一個傳統springboot應用制作的鏡像bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT，現在拿來和Spring Native鏡像對比一下，啟動信息如下，耗時2036毫秒：
(base) zhaoqindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhaoqin$ docker run --rm -P docker.io/bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT . ____ _ __ _ _ / / ___’_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ ( ( )___ | ’_ | ’_| | ’_ / _` | / ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ’ |____| .__|_| |_|_| |___, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot ::(v2.1.6.RELEASE)2021-05-22 11:13:28.121 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Starting HellojibApplication on ffb32e5b68b9 with PID 1 (/app/classes started by root in /)2021-05-22 11:13:28.128 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2021-05-22 11:13:30.000 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)2021-05-22 11:13:30.054 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]2021-05-22 11:13:30.054 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.21]2021-05-22 11:13:30.241 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2021-05-22 11:13:30.241 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2036 ms2021-05-22 11:13:30.715 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService ’applicationTaskExecutor’2021-05-22 11:13:31.103 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ’’2021-05-22 11:13:31.110 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Started HellojibApplication in 3.618 seconds (JVM running for 4.297)2021-05-22 11:13:48.866 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet ’dispatcherServlet’2021-05-22 11:13:48.866 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet: Initializing Servlet ’dispatcherServlet’2021-05-22 11:13:48.880 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet: Completed initialization in 14 ms
再用docker stats對比內存，傳統springboot應用的容器消耗了三百多兆內存：
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDSffb32e5b68b9 eager_williamson 0.64% 356.3MiB / 3.844GiB 9.05% 3.46kB / 2.29kB 0B / 0B 316ce6c66fb4de jovial_hertz 0.11% 30.69MiB / 3.844GiB 0.78% 1.49kB / 158B 4.31MB / 0B 18
綜上所述，Spring Native帶來的優勢是很明顯的，不過請注意：2021年03月11日官方宣布的Spring Native只是beta版本，請不要用于生產環境?。?！
下載插件失敗在實際操作過程中，經常會遇到maven插件或者docker鏡像下載失敗的情況，除了多試幾次，您還可以考慮將項目放到github上去，借助github action在云端完成鏡像構建，具體操作請參考《用GitHub Actions制作Docker鏡像》
不用開發，直接體驗
我已將鏡像上傳到hub.docker.com，完整名稱是bolingcavalry/webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT，如果您只想體驗一下native image的效果可以直接下載該鏡像使用；
以上就是Spring Native實戰(暢快體驗79毫秒啟動springboot應用)的詳細內容，更多關于Spring Native實戰的資料請關注好吧啦網其它相關文章！
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