Spring(二):Spring通過IOC來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象
①新建一個(gè)maven項(xiàng)目后導(dǎo)入webmvc的依賴:因?yàn)閣ebmvc包含了很多其他依賴,為了省事,干脆導(dǎo)入一個(gè)總的,方便省事!版本嘛!個(gè)人比較喜歡用最新版。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.3.5</version> </dependency>
②新建實(shí)體測(cè)試類:
public class Person { private String name; private int age; private String like; private String high; //get、set、tostring方法為了篇幅省略,可以自己加或者使用lombok}
③在resources目錄下新建ContextAplication.xml文件
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <bean class='entity.Person'><property name='age' value='23'></property><property name='name' value='丁大大'></property><property name='like' value='釣魚'></property><property name='high' value='173'></property> </bean></beans>
④以上前提之后,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的測(cè)試Person類種發(fā)生了變化:點(diǎn)擊可以跳轉(zhuǎn)到指定的xml位置哦~
⑤測(cè)試:
Context.getBean() 不指定類時(shí),需要強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換,所以建議使用第二種方式來獲取對(duì)象
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) {ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext('ContextAplication.xml');//Person person = (Person) Context.getBean('Person');//這里不指定的話需要強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn),建議用下面的方式來拿對(duì)象Person person = Context.getBean('Person',Person.class);System.out.println(person); }}
⑥執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下:成功拿到值!
⑦總結(jié):
控制: 傳統(tǒng)的程序?qū)ο蟮膭?chuàng)建是由程序來控制創(chuàng)建的。 反轉(zhuǎn): 交給Spring容器來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象,而程序只負(fù)責(zé)被動(dòng)的接收對(duì)象。這就是反轉(zhuǎn)。 依賴注入: 就是通過set方法來注入的。1.2 改造案例由xml選擇創(chuàng)建對(duì)象①xml:
<bean /> <bean /> <bean class='service.impl.PersonServiceImpl'><property name='studentMapper' ref='StudentMapperImpl'/> </bean>
②測(cè)試:
ApplicationContext Context1 = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext('ContextAplication.xml');PersonServiceImpl personServiceImpl = Context1.getBean('PersonServiceImpl', PersonServiceImpl.class);personServiceImpl.getPersonInfo();
③執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
⑤總結(jié):
對(duì)象由Spring 來創(chuàng)建 , 管理 , 裝配 !這就是 IOC!
二、IOC是通過什么方式來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象的?2.1 通過無參構(gòu)造函數(shù)來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象①以Person類為例子,但是加上一個(gè)無參構(gòu)造函數(shù)!
public class Person { private String name; private int age; private String like; private String high; public Person() {//輸出一句話證明自己被調(diào)用了!System.out.println('我是Person類的無參構(gòu)造函數(shù)!我被調(diào)用了!!!!'); } //set、get、tostring方法因?yàn)槠蚴÷裕?qǐng)手動(dòng)加上!}
②xml中配置:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <bean class='entity.Person'><property name='age' value='23'></property><property name='name' value='丁大大'></property><property name='like' value='釣魚'></property><property name='high' value='173'></property> </bean></beans>
③測(cè)試類:
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) {ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext('ContextAplication.xml');Person person = Context.getBean('Person', Person.class);System.out.println(person); }}
④執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
⑤去除無參構(gòu)造,增加有參構(gòu)造:
xml配置程序直接報(bào)錯(cuò):
⑥總結(jié):
Spring創(chuàng)建對(duì)象默認(rèn)是通過無參構(gòu)造函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的!能通過有參構(gòu)造函數(shù)來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象嘛?能!看下面!
2.2 通過有參構(gòu)造方法來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象①前提于 2.1 一致,新增有參構(gòu)造函數(shù):(因?yàn)轭愔校J(rèn)的也就是不寫構(gòu)造參數(shù)就是無參構(gòu)造,寫了有參構(gòu)造才能真正意義上去除無參構(gòu)造,這個(gè)不用解釋太多吧,java基礎(chǔ)的內(nèi)容了~!)
public Person(String name, int age, String like, String high) {this.name = name;this.age = age;this.like = like;this.high = high; }
②xml配置文件中要發(fā)生一定的改變:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <bean class='entity.Person'><!--<property name='name' value='丁大大'></property>--><!--<property name='age' value='23'></property>--><!--<property name='like' value='釣魚'></property>--><!--<property name='high' value='173'></property>--><constructor-arg index='0' value='丁大大'/><constructor-arg name='age' value='23'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='釣魚'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='173'/> </bean></beans>
③執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
⑤總結(jié):
無參構(gòu)造函數(shù)指定值時(shí)使用 propert 標(biāo)簽 有參構(gòu)造函數(shù)指定值時(shí)使用 constructor-arg 標(biāo)簽,三種寫法 index --通過下標(biāo)來給屬性賦值name --通過屬性名稱來給屬性賦值type -- 指定屬性的類型來給屬性賦值 基本類型可以直接寫 引用類型得加上全稱,如:java.lang.String 位置跟index差不多,依次從上到下對(duì)應(yīng)屬性的從上到下。 在配置文件加載的時(shí)候。其中管理的對(duì)象都已經(jīng)初始化了!三、Spring的配置3.1 alias(別名): 為bean設(shè)置別名,可設(shè)置多個(gè)!①xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <alias name='Person' alias='personAlias1'/> <alias name='Person' alias='personAlias2'/> <alias name='Person' alias='personAlias3'/> <bean class='entity.Person'><constructor-arg index='0' value='丁大大'/><constructor-arg name='age' value='23'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='釣魚'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='173'/> </bean></beans>
②測(cè)試類:
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) {ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext('ContextAplication.xml');Person person = Context.getBean('personAlias1', Person.class);System.out.println(person); }}
③執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
④總結(jié):講實(shí)話,這玩意用處不大,因?yàn)檫€有更好的方式來設(shè)置別名!
3.2 Bean的配置: bean就相當(dāng)于java對(duì)象,由Spring創(chuàng)建和管理①xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <alias name='Person' alias='personAlias1'/> <alias name='Person' alias='personAlias2'/> <alias name='Person' alias='personAlias3'/> <bean name='person1,person2 person3;person4' class='entity.Person'><constructor-arg index='0' value='丁大大'/><constructor-arg name='age' value='23'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='釣魚'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='173'/> </bean></beans>
②測(cè)試類:
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) {ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext('ContextAplication.xml');Person person = Context.getBean('person4', Person.class);System.out.println(person); }}
③執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
④總結(jié):
id是bean的唯一標(biāo)識(shí)符 如果沒有配置id,那么name相當(dāng)于標(biāo)識(shí)符,并且可以設(shè)置多個(gè) name也是別名,可多個(gè),并且可以通過 逗號(hào) 空格 分號(hào) 來分隔,是不是比alias別名方便?所以設(shè)置別名我們一般使用name id和name同時(shí)存在,name只是別名,不是標(biāo)識(shí)符 class是類的全限定名 包名+類名①在實(shí)際工作的開發(fā)過程中,一個(gè)項(xiàng)目可能由多個(gè)程序員來進(jìn)行開發(fā),所以為了解決共性問題,比如:同一文件提交時(shí)都進(jìn)行了修改可能引起沖突,所以我們使用import來解耦!
②新建多個(gè)xml配置文件:
ContextAplication.xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <import resource='dyj1.xml'/> <import resource='dyj3.xml'/> <import resource='dyj2.xml'/></beans>
dyj1.xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <bean name='person1,person2 person3;person4' class='entity.Person'><constructor-arg index='0' value='丁大大1'/><constructor-arg name='age' value='23'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='釣魚1'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='173'/> </bean></beans>
dyj2.xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <bean name='person1,person2 person3;person4' class='entity.Person'><constructor-arg index='0' value='丁大大2'/><constructor-arg name='age' value='23'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='釣魚2'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='173'/> </bean></beans>
dyj3.xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd'> <bean name='person1,person2 person3;person4' class='entity.Person'><constructor-arg index='0' value='丁大大3'/><constructor-arg name='age' value='23'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='釣魚3'/><constructor-arg type='java.lang.String' value='173'/> </bean></beans>
③執(zhí)行:
④總結(jié):
如果三個(gè)文件都是對(duì)同一個(gè)操作同一個(gè)類,或者說內(nèi)容一致,那么就以主xml中從上到下最后一個(gè)impot為準(zhǔn)。 語法格式: 優(yōu)點(diǎn): 每個(gè)人開發(fā)的都是獨(dú)立的,如果重復(fù)的內(nèi)容,Spring會(huì)幫我們自動(dòng)合并!降低了程序的沖突性!大大提高了后期代碼的可維護(hù)性!總結(jié)本篇文章就到這里了,希望能幫助到你,也希望您能夠多多關(guān)注好吧啦網(wǎng)的更多內(nèi)容!
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