一、相關(guān)術(shù)語簡介

首先我們來了解下tomcat是什么，tomcat是apache軟件基金會中的一個項目，由apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及個人共同開發(fā)而成。主要作用是提供servlet和jsp類庫；tomcat是一個免費開源的web服務(wù)器，它和nginx、httpd服務(wù)不同的是，它不擅長處理HTML代碼，更多的是處理JSP程序；有點類似fpm服務(wù)專門處理php程序；

jdk：java開發(fā)工具箱（Java Development Kit），主要提供java開發(fā)相關(guān)工具包，庫文件以及jre和jvm相關(guān)組件，可以理解為java編程語言的一個基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫環(huán)境相關(guān)組件包和開發(fā)公具相關(guān)組件。

jre：java運行時環(huán)境（Java runtime environment），該軟件主要提供運行Java程序的環(huán)境；我們可以理解jre就是jvm和一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類庫組成的一個Java程序運行環(huán)境；

提示：從上面的圖可以了解到JDK包含JRE，JRE包含jvm；

jvm：Java虛擬機（Java virtual machine）主要作用是讓Java程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)跨平臺，我們可以理解Java虛擬機的作用就是在轉(zhuǎn)換不同操作系統(tǒng)底層的API；這樣一來Java程序員就直接面向jvm提供的API進(jìn)行編程，從而不用考慮其他操作系統(tǒng)底層API的不同；如下圖

提示：從上圖就可以了解到j(luò)vm的重要性，它可以實現(xiàn)程序員一次編碼，到處運行，正是jvm解決了底層操作系統(tǒng)不同API問題，使得java程序可以在任何具有jvm的設(shè)備上運行；

　　二、JDK安裝

1、oracle jdk安裝

oracle jdk 是oracle官方提供的一個jdk，安裝我們可以直接去官方下載對應(yīng)版本的包，到本地服務(wù)器即可；官方下載地址https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html；

提示：我這里是提前下載好了的，上面官方地址還需要注冊挺麻煩的；下載好rpm ，然后直接使用yum安裝即可

[root@lxc java]# yum install ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpmLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorExamining ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64Marking ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size====================================================================================================Installing: jdk1.8 x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs /jdk-8u211-linux-x64 297 M Transaction Summary====================================================================================================Install 1 Package Total size: 297 MInstalled size: 297 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64 1/1Unpacking JAR files... tools.jar... plugin.jar... javaws.jar... deploy.jar... rt.jar... jsse.jar... charsets.jar... localedata.jar... Verifying : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64 1/1 Installed: jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcsComplete![root@lxc java]#

提示：當(dāng)然直接使用rpm -ivh 也是可以直接安裝的，這個jdk幾乎沒有依賴關(guān)系，所以可以直接通過rpm安裝；通常有依賴關(guān)系的包建議還是使用yum去解決依賴關(guān)系；

查看jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm生成的文件

[root@lxc java]# rpm -qpi ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpmwarning: ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEYName : jdk1.8Epoch : 2000Version : 1.8.0_211Release : fcsArchitecture: x86_64Install Date: (not installed)Group : Development/ToolsSize : 311820630License : https://java.com/bc_licenseSignature : RSA/SHA256, Tue 02 Apr 2019 12:06:57 AM EDT, Key ID 72f97b74ec551f03Source RPM : jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.src.rpmBuild Date : Mon 01 Apr 2019 11:55:52 PM EDTBuild Host : java.comRelocations : /usr/javaVendor : Oracle CorporationURL : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.htmlSummary : Java Platform Standard Edition Development KitDescription :The Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK) includes boththe runtime environment (Java virtual machine, the Java platform classesand supporting files) and development tools (compilers, debuggers,tool libraries and other tools). The JDK is a development environment for building applications, appletsand components that can be deployed with the Java Platform StandardEdition Runtime Environment.[root@lxc java]# rpm -ql jdk1.8/usr/usr/java/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.system.lock/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.systemRootModFile/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d/jexec/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/COPYRIGHT/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/LICENSE/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/README.html/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/ControlPanel/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/appletviewer/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/extcheck……省略部分內(nèi)容

提示：下載好的rpm包安裝后，如果要查詢其對應(yīng)安裝了那些文件，我們首先要知道它的名稱是什么，用rpm -qpi命令可以查看到對應(yīng)名稱，然后我們再通過rpm -ql查看對應(yīng)名稱的軟件安裝生成了那些文件；從上面的信息可以看到j(luò)dk1.8生成的文件都在/usr/java/目錄下；

提示：從上面的截圖可以了解到在/usr/java/目錄下有兩個軟連接，default默認(rèn)指向了latest這個軟連接，latest軟連接指向了jdk1.8；這意味著jdk可以同時存在多個版本，我們只需要把對應(yīng)軟連接修改了即可更新到新的版本；這里需要提醒下，如果多版本并存的情況，我們可以使用alternatives工具來切換；

alternatives工具多版本相互切換

切換前，默認(rèn)使用1.8.0.211版本

[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java There is 1 program that provides ’java’. Selection Command-----------------------------------------------*+ 1 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1[root@lxc java]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java 2[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java There are 2 programs which provide ’java’. Selection Command-----------------------------------------------*+ 1 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java 2 /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2[root@lxc java]# java -versionjava version '1.7.0_79'Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java There are 2 programs which provide ’java’. Selection Command-----------------------------------------------* 1 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java + 2 /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1[root@lxc java]# java -versionjava version '1.8.0_211'Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)[root@lxc java]#

提示：可以看到可以根據(jù)自己需要來回切換jdk的版本；到此oracle jdk的安裝就完成了；

2、openjdk安裝

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdkLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorbase | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable| 3.5 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 205 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.0 MB 00:00:01 (4/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.8 MB 00:00:01 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64……省略部分內(nèi)容Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 Dependency Installed: atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7 cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7 copy-jdk-configs.noarch 0:3.3-10.el7_5cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-43.el7 fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1 gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7 giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7 graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3 gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-5.el7 gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7 harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7 hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7 libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7 libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7 libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7 libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7 libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7 libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7 libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-32.el7 libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7 lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1 mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7 pcsc-lite-libs.x86_64 0:1.8.8-8.el7 pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7 python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-42.el7 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.5-9.el7Dependency Updated: glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-5.el7 libdrm.x86_64 0:2.4.97-2.el7 Complete![root@docker_node01 ~]#

提示：安裝openjdk使用yum安裝需要注意命名，通常是java-版本號-openjdk；到此openjdk就安裝好了，后續(xù)的版本切換也可以使用alternatives命令來切換即可和oracle jdk使用沒有特別的不同；除了以上方式安裝，當(dāng)然我們也可以去下載二進(jìn)制包，直接展開就可以，二進(jìn)制包安裝需要注意創(chuàng)建環(huán)境變量文件；好了安裝jdk就不過多闡述了；接下來我們就可以安裝tomcat了；

　　三、tomcat安裝

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum info tomcatLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cnAvailable PackagesName : tomcatArch : noarchVersion : 7.0.76Release : 12.el7_8Size : 92 kRepo : updates/7/x86_64Summary : Apache Servlet/JSP Engine, RI for Servlet 3.0/JSP 2.2 APIURL : http://tomcat.apache.org/License : ASL 2.0Description : Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference : Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies. : The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by : Sun under the Java Community Process. : : Tomcat is developed in an open and participatory environment and : released under the Apache Software License version 2.0. Tomcat is intended : to be a collaboration of the best-of-breed developers from around the world. [root@docker_node01 ~]#

提示：可以看到在updates倉庫中有tomcat包，但是版本有點低，如果想要安裝新一點的包，可以去官網(wǎng)下載對應(yīng)包安裝即可；官網(wǎng)地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/；

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install tomcat -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: tomcat-lib = 7.0.76-12.el7_8 for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-pool for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-logging for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-dbcp for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-daemon for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-collections for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Running transaction check……省略部分內(nèi)容Installed: tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 Dependency Installed: apache-commons-collections.noarch 0:3.2.1-22.el7_2 apache-commons-daemon.x86_64 0:1.0.13-7.el7 apache-commons-dbcp.noarch 0:1.4-17.el7apache-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.1.2-7.el7 apache-commons-pool.noarch 0:1.6-9.el7avalon-framework.noarch 0:4.3-10.el7 avalon-logkit.noarch 0:2.1-14.el7 ecj.x86_64 1:4.5.2-3.el7 geronimo-jms.noarch 0:1.1.1-19.el7 geronimo-jta.noarch 0:1.1.1-17.el7 javamail.noarch 0:1.4.6-8.el7 log4j.noarch 0:1.2.17-16.el7_4 tomcat-el-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 tomcat-jsp-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 tomcat-lib.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7 xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0 xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7 Complete![root@docker_node01 ~]#

查看tomcat包安裝所生成的文件

[root@docker_node01 ~]# rpm -ql tomcat/etc/logrotate.d/tomcat/etc/sysconfig/tomcat/etc/tomcat/etc/tomcat/Catalina/etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost/etc/tomcat/catalina.policy/etc/tomcat/catalina.properties/etc/tomcat/conf.d/etc/tomcat/conf.d/README/etc/tomcat/context.xml/etc/tomcat/log4j.properties/etc/tomcat/logging.properties/etc/tomcat/server.xml/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf/etc/tomcat/web.xml/usr/bin/tomcat-digest/usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service/usr/libexec/tomcat/usr/libexec/tomcat/functions/usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble/usr/libexec/tomcat/server/usr/sbin/tomcat/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/LICENSE/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/NOTICE/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/RELEASE-NOTES/usr/share/tomcat/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml/usr/share/tomcat/conf/usr/share/tomcat/lib/usr/share/tomcat/logs/usr/share/tomcat/temp/usr/share/tomcat/webapps/usr/share/tomcat/work/var/cache/tomcat/var/cache/tomcat/temp/var/cache/tomcat/work/var/lib/tomcat/var/lib/tomcat/webapps/var/lib/tomcats/var/log/tomcat/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out[root@docker_node01 ~]#

提示：/etc/tomcat/是tomcat的配置文件目錄，存放tomcat配置相關(guān)文件；/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service是tomcat的unit file啟動腳本；/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out是tomcat的日志文件；

啟動tomcat

提示：tomcat默認(rèn)監(jiān)聽在tcp的8080端口；

測試：用瀏覽器訪問對應(yīng)服務(wù)器上的8080端口，看看是否訪問到tomcat的默認(rèn)提供的頁面？

提示：可以看到用瀏覽器展示訪問不到對應(yīng)頁面，提示我們404；這說明我們訪問的頁面不存在，原因是我們只安裝了tomcat的程序包，并沒有安裝任何webapp，所以對應(yīng)目錄下都沒有頁面存在，所以我們現(xiàn)在訪問提示我們404；

提示：對應(yīng)目錄下并沒有任何的頁面，所以我們訪問時訪問不到的；

安裝tomcat-webapps、tomcat-docs-webapp 、tomcat-admin-webapps

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install -y tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-docs-webappLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed---> Package tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed---> Package tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-taglibs-standard >= 1.1 for package: tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch--> Running transaction check---> Package jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1 will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size====================================================================================================Installing: tomcat-admin-webapps noarch 7.0.76-12.el7_8 updates 40 k tomcat-docs-webapp noarch 7.0.76-12.el7_8 updates 721 k tomcat-webapps noarch 7.0.76-12.el7_8 updates 341 kInstalling for dependencies: jakarta-taglibs-standard noarch 1.1.2-14.el7_1 base 303 k Transaction Summary====================================================================================================Install 3 Packages (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 1.4 MInstalled size: 5.4 MDownloading packages:(1/4): jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch.rpm | 303 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm | 40 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm| 341 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm | 721 kB 00:00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total2.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00:00 Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch 1/4 Installing : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch 2/4 Installing : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch 3/4 Installing : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch 4/4 Verifying : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch 1/4 Verifying : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch 2/4 Verifying : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch 3/4 Verifying : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch 4/4 Installed: tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 Dependency Installed: jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1 Complete![root@docker_node01 ~]#

查看/usr/shar/tomcat/webapps/下是否有文件？

提示：可以看到在/usr/share/tomcat/webapps/下已經(jīng)有文件生成了，接下來我們再用瀏覽器訪問下8080端口，看看是否能夠訪問到頁面呢？

提示：可以看到我們能夠正常訪問到頁面，說明tomcat環(huán)境搭建已經(jīng)完成；后續(xù)我們就可以把java開發(fā)的一些jsp程序部署到tomcat上使用了；

官方下載tomcat部署

[root@lxc java]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz--2020-07-14 13:09:04-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gzResolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 10379806 (9.9M) [application/octet-stream]Saving to: ‘a(chǎn)pache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz’ 100%[==========================================================>] 10,379,806 1.90MB/s in 5.2s 2020-07-14 13:09:10 (1.90 MB/s) - ‘a(chǎn)pache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz’ saved [10379806/10379806] [root@lxc java]# lsapache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm[root@lxc java]#

提示：官方默認(rèn)只提供了二進(jìn)制包和源碼包，沒有rpm包，所以我們下載二進(jìn)制包解壓到對應(yīng)目錄即可；

[root@lxc java]# mkdir /usr/share/tomcat[root@lxc java]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz -C /usr/share/tomcat[root@lxc java]# cd /usr/share/tomcat[root@lxc tomcat]# lsapache-tomcat-8.5.57[root@lxc tomcat]#

創(chuàng)建軟連接

[root@lxc tomcat]# ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.57 tomcat[root@lxc tomcat]# lltotal 0drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 220 Jul 14 13:10 apache-tomcat-8.5.57lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Jul 14 13:12 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.5.57[root@lxc tomcat]#

創(chuàng)建tomcat用戶

[root@lxc tomcat]# useradd -r tomcat[root@lxc tomcat]# getent passwd tomcattomcat:x:996:992::/home/tomcat:/bin/bash[root@lxc tomcat]#

更改/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat屬主/組權(quán)限為tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# lltotal 124drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin-rw-r----- 1 root root 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txtdrwx------ 2 root root 238 Jun 30 17:53 conf-rw-r----- 1 root root 5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.mddrwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib-rw-r----- 1 root root 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSEdrwxr-x--- 2 root root 6 Jun 30 17:49 logs-rw-r----- 1 root root 1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE-rw-r----- 1 root root 3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md-rw-r----- 1 root root 7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES-rw-r----- 1 root root 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txtdrwxr-x--- 2 root root 30 Jul 14 13:10 tempdrwxr-x--- 7 root root 81 Jun 30 17:50 webappsdrwxr-x--- 2 root root 6 Jun 30 17:49 work[root@lxc tomcat]# chown -R tomcat:tomcat ./*[root@lxc tomcat]# lltotal 124drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txtdrwx------ 2 tomcat tomcat 238 Jun 30 17:53 conf-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.mddrwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSEdrwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 6 Jun 30 17:49 logs-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txtdrwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 30 Jul 14 13:10 tempdrwxr-x--- 7 tomcat tomcat 81 Jun 30 17:50 webappsdrwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 6 Jun 30 17:49 work[root@lxc tomcat]#

添加環(huán)境變量

[root@lxc tomcat]# cat /etc/profile.d/tomcat.shCATALINA_BASE=/usr/share/tomcat/tomcatPATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATHexport CATALINA_BASE PATH[root@lxc tomcat]#

切換tomcat用戶啟動tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# su - tomcatLast login: Tue Jul 14 13:26:15 EDT 2020 on pts/0su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/tomcat: No such file or directory-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh --helpUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcatUsing CATALINA_HOME: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcatUsing CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /Using CLASSPATH: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jarUsage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )commands: debug Start Catalina in a debugger debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger run Start Catalina in the current window run -security Start in the current window with security manager start Start Catalina in a separate window start -security Start in a separate window with security manager stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result version What version of tomcat are you running?Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh startUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcatUsing CATALINA_HOME: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcatUsing CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /Using CLASSPATH: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started.-bash-4.2$ ss -tnlState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:6033*:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306*:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306*:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306*:* LISTEN 0 128 *:3306*:* LISTEN 0 100 :::8080:::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22:::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25:::* LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005:::* LISTEN 0 128 :::2377:::* LISTEN 0 128 :::7946:::* -bash-4.2$

提示：啟動tomcat要使用內(nèi)部的shell腳本catalina.sh 來啟動；當(dāng)然startup.sh也是可以的；可以看到8080端口已經(jīng)處于監(jiān)聽的狀態(tài)，接下來我們用瀏覽器嘗試訪問下，看看是否能夠訪問到頁面？

提示：可以看到tomcat提供的頁面我們是能夠正常訪問，說明我們安裝部署的tomcat環(huán)境就準(zhǔn)備就緒了；到此tomcat環(huán)境安裝就部署完畢了；總結(jié)一點，部署tomcat環(huán)境，首先要安裝jdk，因為tomcat本身就是java語言編寫，我們要在服務(wù)器上安裝好java程序運行環(huán)境和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類庫等組件，tomcat才可以服務(wù)器上正常的運行起來；其實從上面的演示我們大概也能知道tomcat就是為Java jsp程序提供一個運行環(huán)境，后續(xù)的jsp代碼主要就是在tomcat上運行，而非jdk上；jdk是運行Java程序（tomcat）而必須有的組件；后續(xù)本人會持續(xù)更新有關(guān)tomcat配置使用相關(guān)的話題，感興趣的同學(xué)可以關(guān)注關(guān)注；

總結(jié)

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