通過spring.io生成初始代碼，配置如下

下載好會得到一個.zip文件，解壓導入IDEA就可以開始了，這是基礎的項目結構

讓我們打開src/main/java/geektime/spring/hello/hellospring/HelloSpringApplication.java，修改成如下代碼

package geektime.spring.hello.hellospring;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@SpringBootApplication@RestControllerpublic class HelloSpringApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(HelloSpringApplication.class, args);}@RequestMapping('/hello')public String hello() {return 'Hello Spring';}}

接著運行我們修改的代碼，運行成功后，console會打印如下信息

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-15.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=55568:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/lidean/Downloads/hello-spring/target/classes:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-actuator/2.5.0/spring-boot-starter-actuator-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/2.5.0/spring-boot-starter-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.5.0/spring-boot-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/2.5.0/spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/2.5.0/spring-boot-starter-logging-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.2.3/logback-core-1.2.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.14.1/log4j-to-slf4j-2.14.1.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.14.1/log4j-api-2.14.1.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.30/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/1.3.5/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.28/snakeyaml-1.28.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure/2.5.0/spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-actuator/2.5.0/spring-boot-actuator-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.12.3/jackson-databind-2.12.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.12.3/jackson-annotations-2.12.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.12.3/jackson-core-2.12.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.12.3/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.12.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-core/1.7.0/micrometer-core-1.7.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/hdrhistogram/HdrHistogram/2.1.12/HdrHistogram-2.1.12.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/latencyutils/LatencyUtils/2.0.3/LatencyUtils-2.0.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/2.5.0/spring-boot-starter-web-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/2.5.0/spring-boot-starter-json-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.12.3/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.12.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.12.3/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.12.3.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/2.5.0/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.5.0.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/9.0.46/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/9.0.46/tomcat-embed-el-9.0.46.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/9.0.46/tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.46.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/5.3.7/spring-web-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/5.3.7/spring-beans-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/5.3.7/spring-webmvc-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/5.3.7/spring-aop-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/5.3.7/spring-context-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/5.3.7/spring-expression-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/5.3.7/spring-core-5.3.7.jar:/Users/lidean/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/5.3.7/spring-jcl-5.3.7.jar geektime.spring.hello.hellospring.HelloSpringApplication . ____ _ __ _ _ / / ___’_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ ( ( )___ | ’_ | ’_| | ’_ / _` | / ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ’ |____| .__|_| |_|_| |___, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot ::(v2.5.0)2021-06-01 23:15:57.484 INFO 81444 --- [ main] g.s.h.h.HelloSpringApplication : Starting HelloSpringApplication using Java 15.0.1 on MacBook-Pro-9.local with PID 81444 (/Users/lidean/Downloads/hello-spring/target/classes started by lidean in /Users/lidean/Downloads/hello-spring)2021-06-01 23:15:57.488 INFO 81444 --- [ main] g.s.h.h.HelloSpringApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2021-06-01 23:15:58.610 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)2021-06-01 23:15:58.626 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]2021-06-01 23:15:58.626 INFO 81444 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.46]2021-06-01 23:15:58.685 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2021-06-01 23:15:58.685 INFO 81444 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1073 ms2021-06-01 23:15:59.156 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver : Exposing 1 endpoint(s) beneath base path ’/actuator’2021-06-01 23:15:59.195 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ’’2021-06-01 23:15:59.208 INFO 81444 --- [ main] g.s.h.h.HelloSpringApplication : Started HelloSpringApplication in 2.658 seconds (JVM running for 3.251)2021-06-01 23:15:59.254 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean : Application availability state LivenessState changed to CORRECT2021-06-01 23:15:59.256 INFO 81444 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean : Application availability state ReadinessState changed to ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC2021-06-01 23:22:00.698 INFO 81444 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet ’dispatcherServlet’2021-06-01 23:22:00.698 INFO 81444 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet: Initializing Servlet ’dispatcherServlet’2021-06-01 23:22:00.699 INFO 81444 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet: Completed initialization in 1 ms

從上面輸出的信息我們可以知道Tomcat初始化部署在了8080端口，下面我們來訪問試試

// 調用我們定義的router$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello Hello Spring%// 記得我們之前生成項目使用的actuator依賴，用于檢查項目是否健康// 若出現DOWN，我們訪問url就會失敗$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/health{'status':'UP'}%

讓Maven替我們打個包

$ mvn clean packeage -Dmaven.test.skipzsh: command not found: mvn

沒命令。。。上鏈接

若有，可跳過

作者用的是macOs的zsh，需要做下面幾步

# 給文件夾權限$ sudo chown -R root:wheel Downloads/apache-maven*# 移動$ mv Downloads/apache-maven* /opt/apache-maven# 打開zsh配置文件$ nano ~/.zshrc# 新增命令，寫入~/.zshrc$ export PATH=$PATH:/opt/apache-maven/bin

搞定后control+X回車搞定~ 重啟下終端，檢查mvn版本即可

$ zsh# 檢查Maven$ mvn -versionApache Maven 3.8.1 (05c21c65bdfed0f71a2f2ada8b84da59348c4c5d)Maven home: /opt/apache-mavenJava version: 15.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-15.0.1.jdk/Contents/HomeDefault locale: zh_CN_#Hans, platform encoding: UTF-8OS name: 'mac os x', version: '10.15.6', arch: 'x86_64', family: 'mac'

繼續繼續，maven打包我們的代碼

$ mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip [INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] [INFO] -----------------< geektime.spring.hello:hello-spring >-----------------[INFO] Building hello-spring 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.1.0:clean (default-clean) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Deleting /Users/lidean/Downloads/hello-spring/target[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Using ’UTF-8’ encoding to copy filtered resources.[INFO] Using ’UTF-8’ encoding to copy filtered properties files.[INFO] Copying 1 resource[INFO] Copying 0 resource[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module![INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/lidean/Downloads/hello-spring/target/classes[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Not copying test resources[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Not compiling test sources[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.2:test (default-test) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Tests are skipped.[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.2.0:jar (default-jar) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Building jar: /Users/lidean/Downloads/hello-spring/target/hello-spring-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar[INFO] [INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.5.0:repackage (repackage) @ hello-spring ---[INFO] Replacing main artifact with repackaged archive[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 2.965 s[INFO] Finished at: 2021-06-02T00:02:00+08:00[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

可以看到生成的兩個.jar包，一個18M一個卻3.0K，因為前者有我們所有的依賴(該.jar包可執行)，后者是原始的包

下面我們可以通過java -jar去執行這個jar包，可以看到也是暴露在8080端口，我們的程序可以作為一個單獨的進程運行在里面

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