XML文件是可拓展標記語言，是一種簡單的數據存儲語言，被設計用來傳輸和存儲數據

在Python中XML的一些方法

讀取文件和內容

#引用xml模塊from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# ET去打開xml文件tree = ET.parse('files/xo.xml')# 獲取根標簽root = tree.getroot()print(root) # <Element ’data’ at 0x7f94e02763b0>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank updated='yes'>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank updated='yes'>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content) # 獲取根標簽 print(root) # <Element ’data’ at 0x7fdaa019cea0>

讀取節點數據

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein' > <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''# 獲取根標簽 dataroot = ET.XML(content)country_object = root.find('country') # 獲取XML文件中的country標簽print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 獲取country標簽名 獲取country標簽地屬性gdppc_object = country_object.find('gdppc')# 獲取gdppc標簽print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 獲取gdppc標簽的名稱 獲取gdppc屬性(沒有屬性為:{}) 獲取gdppc標簽里面的內容

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''# 獲取根標簽 dataroot = ET.XML(content)# 獲取data標簽的孩子標簽for child in root: # child.tag = conntry 獲取到兩個country標簽 # child.attrib = {'name':'Liechtenstein'} print(child.tag, child.attrib) for node in child: print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 獲取到reank標簽

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content)# 找到子子孫孫的year標簽for child in root.iter(’year’): print(child.tag, child.text)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content)v1 = root.findall(’country’) # 找到所有的country標簽print(v1)v2 = root.find(’country’).find(’rank’) # 找到country標簽中的rank標簽print(v2.text)

刪除和修改節點

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content)# 修改節點內容和屬性rank = root.find(’country’).find(’rank’)print(rank.text)rank.text = '999' # 修改rank標簽里面的內容rank.set(’update’, ’2020-11-11’) # 為rank標簽新增一個update屬性print(rank.text, rank.attrib)############ 保存文件 ############tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write('new.xml', encoding=’utf-8’)# 刪除節點root.remove( root.find(’country’) )print(root.findall(’country’))############ 保存文件 ############tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write('newnew.xml', encoding=’utf-8’)

構建文檔

<home> <son name='兒1'> <grandson name='兒11'></grandson> <grandson name='兒12'></grandson> </son> <son name='兒2'></son></home>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創建根標簽root = ET.Element('home')# 創建節點大兒子son1 = ET.Element(’son’, {’name’: ’兒1’})# 創建小兒子son2 = ET.Element(’son’, {'name': ’兒2’})# 在大兒子中創建兩個孫子grandson1 = ET.Element(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒11’})grandson2 = ET.Element(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒12’})son1.append(grandson1)son1.append(grandson2)# 把兒子添加到根節點中root.append(son1)root.append(son2)tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write(’oooo.xml’, encoding=’utf-8’, short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短標簽的形式創建

<famliy> <son name='兒1'> <grandson name='兒11'></grandson> <grandson name='兒12'></grandson> </son> <son name='兒2'></son></famliy>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創建根節點root = ET.Element('famliy')# 創建大兒子son1 = root.makeelement(’son’, {’name’: ’兒1’})# 創建小兒子son2 = root.makeelement(’son’, {'name': ’兒2’})# 在大兒子中創建兩個孫子grandson1 = son1.makeelement(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒11’})grandson2 = son1.makeelement(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒12’})son1.append(grandson1)son1.append(grandson2)# 把兒子添加到根節點中root.append(son1)root.append(son2)tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write(’oooo.xml’,encoding=’utf-8’)

<famliy><son name='兒1'> <age name='兒11'>孫子</age> </son><son name='兒2'></son></famliy>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創建根節點root = ET.Element('famliy')# 創建節點大兒子son1 = ET.SubElement(root, 'son', attrib={’name’: ’兒1’})# 創建小兒子son2 = ET.SubElement(root, 'son', attrib={'name': '兒2'})# 在大兒子中創建一個孫子grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, 'age', attrib={’name’: ’兒11’})grandson1.text = ’孫子’et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文檔對象et.write('test.xml', encoding='utf-8')

<user><![CDATA[你好呀]]</user>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創建根節點root = ET.Element('user')root.text = '<![CDATA[你好呀]]'et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文檔對象et.write('test.xml', encoding='utf-8')

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